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Birth of Vladimir F. Dzhunkovsky, statesman and military figure
7 (19) September 1865, in St. Petersburg, was born a prominent statesman and military leader of the Russian Empire, Vladimir Fedorovich Dzhunkovsky.
Dzhunkovsky family ascended to the Mongol prince Murzy Khan Dzunku, who arrived in Moscow as a member of the mission at the beginning of the 16th century. The Russian branch of the family began with Colonel Kondraty Dzhunkovsky who lived in the end of the 17th century. In the middle of the 19th century, under Nicholas I, the kin of Dzhunkovsky, who owned lands in the province of Poltava, was included in the noble genealogy book of the province and awarded an emblem with the motto "To God and To Neighbor."
In 1876, Vladimir Dzhunkovsky was sent to one of the most exclusive educational institutions in Russia - Page Corps in St. Petersburg. After the end of the Corps in 1882, he joined the Life Guards regiment, commanded by Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. In 1891, Dzhunkovsky was appointed adjutant to Grand Duke, who took office of Governor-General of Moscow, and remained in that position for more than 13 years. After the murder of Sergei Alexandrovich on 4 (17) February 1905, Vladimir Fedorovich was temporarily out of work, but in August of that year he was appointed Vice Governor of Moscow, and in November - the governor of the Moscow Province. Dzhunkovsky entry to such an important post coincided with the culmination of the first Russian Revolution and the suppression of the December armed uprising in Moscow.
During Dzhunkovsky’s governorship opened the Moscow Institute of Commerce (1907), the A. L. Shanyavsky University (1908), the Pedagogical Institute and the Pedagogical Society n. a. G. Shelaputin (1908), the Moscow Society of Aeronautics (1910), the Museum of Fine Arts of Alexander III (1912), as well as many monuments: to Alexander III, to General Skobelev, to Dr. Haas, to printing pioneer Ivan Fedorov, to Nikolai Gogol. In 1908 Dzhunkovsky was promoted to major general, and from 1909, coinciding with the post of governor of the Moscow Province, he filled the post of governor-general of Moscow.
In 1912 in Moscow and the Moscow Province took place the celebration of the centennial of theWar of 1812 and the Battle of Borodino. The reception organized by Dzhunkovsky for Nicholas II during these celebrations was higly praised by the emperor, who noted that "at last he saw the people, not just the police." In early 1913, Dzhunkovsky was recalled to St. Petersburg and appointed Deputy Minister of Interior and commander of the gendarmerie. Dzhunkovsky’s first task in his new position was to ensure the protection of the royal family during its travels to Russian cities in honor of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty.
In 1913-1914 Dzhunkovsky reformed the system of political investigation. He abolished most of district security offices, banned the recruitment of agents among secondary school students and military personnel, and refused the services of multiple agents, conducted a purge of his employees. In 1914 Dzhunkovsky, given extraordinary powers, including the right to use military force, was sent to Baku for the elimination of the general strike in the oil fields. Combining tough measures against the strikers with the requirements to the owners of the oil fields to improve working conditions, Dzhunkovsky managed to stop the strike.
At the beginning of the World War I he organized Counterintelligence Service of the Police and intelligence work in the border areas. In 1915 Dzhunkovsky personally presented to Nicholas II a report on unseemly behavior of Grigory Rasputin and his utterances, compromising the royal family. At first, Rasputin was removed from the court, but soon it was Dzhunkovsky who was removed from all his posts without explanation. At the personal request, in the autumn of 1915, Vladimir Fedorovich was sent to the front, where he commanded a brigade, and then led the 15th Siberian Rifle Division on the Western Front, and in September 1917 the Soldiers’ Committee elected him commander of the 3rd Siberian Army Corps. The same year he was promoted to lieutenant general.
After the October Revolution Dzhunkovsky was arrested and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg, but he was soon released, and even received a pension. In September 1918, he was arrested again and in May 1919, sentenced by revolutionary tribunal to five years in prison for taking part in the suppression of the Moscow uprising in 1905. In November 1921, Dzhunkovsky was released before the appointed time - amnestied upon resolution of the Central Executive Committee. For a time he worked as a sexton, gave private lessons in French. In the 1920-s, Dzhunkovsky worked on the memoires, taking for the basis his vast archive in Pushkin House Academy. In 1934, the manuscript of his memoires was acquired by V. D. Bonch-Bruevich for the State Literary Museum for 50, 000 rubles, providing Dzhunkovsky with living for several years.
In December 1937 Dzhunkovsky was again arrested and February 21, 1938 shot by sentence of the three of the NKVD in the Moscow region.
Lit.: Джунковский В. Ф. Воспоминания: В 2 тт. М., 1997; Жандармы России. М., 2002; «Зачислить за ВЧK впредь до особого распоряжения». Дело В. Ф. Джунковского в московской Таганской тюрьме / Подгот. текста, предисл. и коммент. А. Н. Семкина // Отечественные архивы. 2002. № 5; То же [Электронный ресурс]. URL: http://portal.rusarchives.ru/publication/djunk.shtml; Колпакиди А. И., Север А. М. Спецслужбы Российской Империи. М., 2010; «Охранка». Воспоминания руководителей политического сыска: В 2 тт. М., 2004.
Based on the Presidential Library’s materials:
РГИА Ф. 1662. Оп. 1. Д. 218. Письмо Джунковского В. Столыпиной О. Б. [Дело] : [25 апр. 1912 г.].