Russia – Mongolia: from the history of relations

The history of relations between Russia and Mongolia goes back several centuries. In the 13th century, the territory of Mongolia became part of the vast Mongol Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Pacific Ocean. This is the period when contact was established between Russia and the territories that later became part of modern Mongolia. The countries interacted in various spheres, including politics, economy and culture.

In the 18th century, Russia began actively expanding its borders to the east. During this period, the country established control over the territories that are now part of Siberia and the Far East. In the 19th century, Russia continued to expand its influence in the region. This led to the establishment of diplomatic relations between Russia and Mongolia as part of its interaction with other Asian states. Russian merchants began to actively trade with Mongolian nomads, exchanging goods such as furs, wool, leather and others. This period is also characterised by the influence of the Russian Empire on the political and economic life of Mongolia.

Soviet-Mongolian relations were characterised by close cooperation in political, economic and military spheres. Mongolia became one of the USSR's closest allies in Asia. The Soviet state provided Mongolia with significant economic and military assistance in its struggle for independence and socialist transformation. Mongolia became an important strategic partner of the USSR in Central Asia. Joint ventures were established and trade in raw materials and goods developed.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia and Mongolia continued to develop their relations. New forms of cooperation were established in economy, culture and education, and agreements were signed on cooperation in various sectors such as energy, transport, trade and investment. Russia remains an important trading partner for Mongolia today.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia and Mongolia began to actively develop foreign economic relations with other states, but co-operation between them also continued. New forms of co-operation in economy, culture and education were established,

The collection includes studies, essays, archival and other materials reflecting certain aspects of Mongolian life, as well as the history of diplomatic, military and economic relations between Russia and Mongolia from the 13th to 21st centuries.