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The printing house of the Kornilievs launched in Tobolsk
On April 5 (April 16), 1789 the printing house of the merchant Vasily Ivanovich Korniliev was launched in Tobolsk. It was the first one in Siberia.
The printing machine appeared in Siberia only two centuries after its reunification with Russia. The impetus for the emergence of the first printing houses beyond the Urals was the Decree on free printing houses of 1783, the division of Siberia into Kolyvan, Tobolsk and Irkutsk provinces in 1781-1783 as well as a school reform 1782-1786.
In 1789, the Tobolsk merchant of the 1st guild, Vasily Yakovlevich Korniliev, together with his son Dmitry, purchased a printing machine with their own krishot (personal funds), having received permission from the governor Alexander Vasilyevich Alyabyev and the Tobolsk Bishop Varlaam (Petrov). Permission to open was issued on 5 (16) April. Enlightenment goals were far from the first place among the merchants. In their printing house, they intended, first of all, to print government forms, which were required in the provincial and other offices, courts and other administrative, both civil and church authorities. Paper was supplied to the printing house from a factory that also belonged to Vasily Korniliev, located near Tobolsk, on the Suklemka River.
By 1789, Vasily Yakovlevich signed a contract for the supply of paper to the office of the Tobolsk governorate and to the government offices of Tyumen, Turinsk, Kurgan, Ishim, Tara, Yeniseisk, Tomsk, Omsk, Narym, Achinsk, Beryozov and 202 volosts. Thus, the merchant covered with his supplies not only Western, but also part of Eastern Siberia. At that time, the factory produced 544 reams of paper (a foot is a unit of measure for paper of that time weighing 8 kg) for a total of 850 rubles per year.
There is information about 53 editions of the printing house. Since September 1789, the first in Siberia - and the second in provincial Russia - the magazine "The Irtysh Turning into Ipokrena" was printed in the Korniliev printing house. The publisher was the Tobolsk Main Public School, opened in the spring of the same year on the initiative of Governor Alyabyev. Alexander Vasilyevich, as an official of the “Catherine formation”, also supported the appearance of an educational printed edition at the school. The magazine was announced as a monthly publication, with a circulation of up to three hundred copies. The official editors of the journal were the teachers of the Tobolsk main public school - T. M. Voskresensky, I. B. Lafinov, V. Ya. Prutkovsky, A. I. Naberezhnin. Also, the editor of the magazine was the great-nephew of the famous writer of the XVIII century. A. P. Sumarokov, poet and translator Pankraty Platonovich Sumarokov, who prepared the first book published in the Korniliev printing house - “School of Love”, his own translation of the book by the German writer I. G. B. Pfeil. The magazine published speeches by teachers of the Main Public School at various celebrations, translations of foreign literature, as well as literary works by local authors. The magazine existed from 1789 to 1791. A total of 24 issues of the magazine were published during this period.
Simultaneously with the "Irtysh ..." in 1790, the "Historical Journal, or Collection from various books of curious news, amusing stories and anecdotes" began to be published. The compilers of the "Historical Journal ..." were the teachers of the Tobolsk Main Public School. Only two parts of the journal were published in the eighth part of the sheet, 13 printed sheets in each issue, in which translations from various "historical works" were placed without indicating the sources and authors of the translation. In fact, it was the first local history journal in Siberia.
In 1793-1794 in the printing house of P. P. Sumarokov, the journal “The Scientific, Economic, Moral, Historical and Entertainment Library, for the benefit and pleasure of every rank of readers” was published. The materials prepared for the journal by Sumarokov are recognized by researchers as the most interesting and original, having the author's style and originality. A total of 12 issues of the magazine were published. They were sent to 112 subscribers.
Focusing on the needs of Siberians, the printing house published popular science, applied, local history, reference books related to history, law, agriculture, medicine, etc. and home medical remedies for it, collected from various information about this disease, the Tobolsk viceroy by the ruling post of Doctor, collegiate assessor and Head physician Ivan Peterson "of the Tobolsk doctor I. Peterson (1790), "Legal Dictionary, or Code of Russian Laws , in alphabetical order "F. Langans (1791)". The most important economic notes for peasants, containing instructions on the production of arable farming, and various other items belonging to the rural economy ..." by N. Shukshin (1794) and others. In 1792, the 1st part of the work of Academician Peter Simon Pallas "Description of the plants of the Russian state" was published. Firstly it was published in St. Petersburg in 1786.
On September 16 (27), 1796 an imperial decree was issued on the closure of free printing houses "due to some abuse". With the death in January 1795 of Vasily Yakovlevich, the work of the printing house actually stopped. In 1796, A. V. Alyabyev, the patron of printing, was transferred to a new place of service in Astrakhan.
Since 1804 thanks to the decree of Alexander I of February 9 (21), 1802, Korniliev's printing house resumed its work, and in 1807 a printing house was set up under the Tobolsk provincial government. But periodicals were not issued in it until the middle of the 19th century.
Lit.: Волкова В. Н. Корнильевых типография // Историческая энциклопедия Сибири. Новосибирск, 2010. [Т.] 2: К-Р. 2010. С. 147-148; Выхрыстюк М. С. Тобольск, люди, время : историко-лингвистический очерк : монография. Тобольск, 2013; Дмитриев-Мамонов А. И. Начало печати в Сибири // Русская книжная традиция в Сибири: «Тобольские инкунабулы». Екатеринбург, 2014. С. 23-104; Жук А. Первопроходцы печати // Град Тобольск. 2017. № 1. С. 20-21; Крамор Г. Периодическая печать Тобольской губернии: обзор истории // Печатные СМИ Тюменской области: век XIX - век XXI. Тюмень, 2013. Т. 1. С. 6-59; Крюкова Н. Фабрикант, купец, издатель: Василий Яковлевич Корнильев — владелец первой типографии в Сибири // Библиополе. 2014. № 3. С. 69-71; Мамеев С. Н. Тобольские фабриканты Корнильевы // Русская книжная традиция в Сибири: «Тобольские инкунабулы». Екатеринбург, 2014. С. 7-20.
Based on the Presidential Library’s materials:
Иртыш, превращающийся в Ипокрену. Тобольск, 1789. Ноябрь.
Based on the materials from the branch of the Presidential Library in Tyumen Region