Anniversary of the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

May 30, 1923, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a resolution on the formation of the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

The history of Buryatia has its origin from 5th century BC, when its territory was inhabited by tribes of the Huns. In the early 18th century, upon a decree of Peter I, Buryatia became part of the Russian state. In 1851, the Trans-Baikal Region was separated from the Irkutsk Province, including the Verkhneudinsky and Nerchinsky counties.

April 25 (May 8), 1917, the first national autonomy of Buryats was created – the Buryat-Mongolia state. At the time, in the territory of Buryatia there were several national and "white governments." However, in 1920, the Red Army took control of the region and the West Buryatia became part of the Russian Federation. The Eastern Buryatia became part of the Far Eastern Republic, which, a year later, was transformed into Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Region (Agin, Barguzin, Horin and Chita aimags; center - Chita). In 1922, the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Region within the RSFSR was founded (Tunkinsky, Alarsky, Ekhirit-bulagat, Bokhanskij and Selenge aimags; center - Irkutsk). May 30, 1923 both regions merged into the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

When the republic was formed, "Buryat-Mongolian" language was declared the official language.

July 30, 1930, Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic became part of the East-Siberian Territory; when the latter was divided into the Irkutsk Region and Chita Region,   the Ust-Orda and Agin-Buryat Autonomous counties were separated from the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

The 1930-s in Buryatia are marked with the construction of large industrial enterprises. At this time were put into operation the Ulan-Ude locomotive car-repair plant with cogeneration plant, mechanized glass factory, mill plant; large-scale enterprises of local industry were constructed, such as the Ulan-Ude city power, Ulan-Ude Shipyard, Upper Berezovsky brickyard, etc.

In July 1958, upon a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Buryat-Mongolian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was renamed into the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.

Since 1992, the Republic of Buryatia has been a region of the Russian Federation and part of the Siberian Federal District. Administrative and economic, and cultural center of the republic is the city of Ulan-Ude.

Lit.: Богданов М. Н. Очерки истории бурят-монгольского народа. Верхнеудинск, 1926; История Бурят-Монгольской АССР. Т. 1. Улан-Удэ, 1954; История Бурятской АССР. Т. 2. Улан-Удэ, 1959; Кудрявцев Р. A. История бурят-монгольского народа. М.; Л., 1940; Окладников А. П. Очерки из истории западных бурят-монголов. Л., 1937.

Based on the Presidential Library’s materials:

Republic of Buryatia: Pages of History: [digital collection].