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Anniversary of Mikhail Fyodorovich’s crowning. The beginning of the Romanov Dynasty
July 11 (21), 1613 in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, the coronation of Mikhail Fyodorovich Romanov took place. It marked the foundation of the new ruling dynasty.
After the liberation of Moscow from the Poles by Minin and Pozharsky, in January 1613, the Zemsky Sobor opened to consider the issue of the election of a new tsar. The 1613 Sobor was one of the most comprehensive "council of the whole earth," both in number and in the social position of the participants. Among the candidates to the throne were: the Swedish Prince Carl-Philip and the Polish king Vladislav. However, the people, exhausted by troubles of foreign invasions and internal unrest, did not want to see a foreign king on the throne.
Preference was given to a Russian, Orthodox Tsar. Those who participated in political intrigues during the Time of Troubles also had little chance of being elected. After much debate, on the initiative of "free Cossacks" and ordinary Zemstvo people, the candidacy of Mikhail Romanov received the approval. Father of the future tsar, Boyar Fyodor Nikititch (later - Patriarch Filaret of Moscow), was a cousin of the last ruler of the Rurik dynasty, Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, and his mother, Xenia Ivanovna Shestova originated from the Kostroma nobility.
February 21 (March 3), 1613 in Moscow a new tsar was officially elected. May 2 (12), Mikhail Fyodotovich triumphantly entered the capital.
In the evening, the eve of July 11, at the Assumption and other cathedrals, in the monasteries and parish churches of Moscow, the all-night vigil was held. At dawn, on the day of coronation, the large Assumption bell started ringing; it continued until the coming of the king in the temple. "Religious rite was served by Metropolitan Ephraim of Kazan, Prince Fedor Mstislavsky was holding the crown, Prince Dmitry Troubetzkoy held the scepter, Ivan Romanov - the royal hat, Vasily Morozov – the power, and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky with Treasurer Trohaniontov were following the clothes." Before the coronation, two stewards - Ivan Cherkassky, a relative of the tsar, and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky - were erected in lordly dignity. Kozma Minin was named a Duma nobleman. The coronation ceremony lasted three days.
In the early years of his governing, the young tsar was solving the majority of state and foreign policy matters together with his father, who, in 1619, became the Russian patriarch. After the death of Filaret, Mikhail's mainstay was the heads of major offices - Prince Ivan Cherkassky and Boyar F. I. Sheremetev.
In the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich the economy had gradually recovered. There was concluded the Treaty of Stolbovo with Sweden in 1617, and the Truce of Deulino with Poland in 1618. In March 1634, another peace treaty with Poland – the Treaty of Polyanovka - was concluded. There was intensive construction of the defense line against the Crimean Tatars, further colonization of Siberia was taking place.
In 1627, the tsar issued a decree authorizing the nobles hand down their estates, provided servicing the tsar. 5-year-old search for runaway serfs was established, which in 1641 was extended to 10 years. In addition, in the reign of Mikhail Fyodorovich, an attempt to create regular military units was made. At the end of the reign of the tsar, cavalry dragoon regiments appeared for the protection of the external borders.
Based on the Presidential Library’s materials: